National Womans Rights Conventions 1850 - 1869

The 1848 Seneca Falls Womens Rights Convention, which was called on short notice and was more of a regional meeting, called for a series of conventions, embracing every part of the country. The 1848 regional event held in upstate New York was followed by other regional Womans Rights Conventions in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania.  That meetings resolutions called for woman suffrage (the right to vote), and later conventions also included this call.  But each meeting included other womens rights issues as well. The 1850 meeting was  the first to consider itself a national meeting. The meeting was planned after an Anti-Slavery Society meeting by nine women and two men. These included Lucy Stone, Abby Kelley Foster, Paulina Wright Davis and Harriot Kezia Hunt. Stone served as secretary, though she was kept from part of the preparation by a family crisis, and then contracted typhoid fever. Davis did most of the planning. Elizabeth Cady Stanton missed the convention because she was in late pregnancy at the time. First National Womans Rights Convention The 1850 Womans Rights Convention was held on October 23 and 24 in Worcester, Massachusetts. The 1848 regional event in Seneca Falls, New York, had been attended by 300, with 100 signing the Declaration of Sentiments. The 1850 National Womans Rights Convention was attended by 900 on the first day. Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis was chosen as president. Other women speakers included Harriot Kezia Hunt, Ernestine Rose, Antoinette Brown, Sojourner Truth, Abby Foster Kelley, Abby Price and Lucretia Mott. Lucy Stone only spoke on the second day. Many reporters attended and wrote of the gathering. Some wrote mockingly, but others, including Horace Greeley, took the event quite seriously. The printed proceedings were sold after the event as a way of spreading the word about womens rights. The British writers Harriet Taylor and Harriet Martineau took note of the event, Taylor responding with The Enfranchisement of Women. Further Conventions In 1851, the second National Womans Rights Convention took place on October 15 and 16, also in Worcester. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, unable to attend, sent a letter. Elizabeth Oakes Smith was among the speakers who were added to those of the previous year. The 1852 Convention was held in Syracuse, New York, on September 8-10. Elizabeth Cady Stanton again sent a letter instead of appearing in person. This occasion was notable for the first public speeches on womens rights by two women who would become leaders in the movement: Susan B. Anthony and Matilda Joslyn Gage. Lucy Stone wore a bloomer costume. A motion to form a national organization was defeated. Frances Dana Barker Gage presided over the 1853 National Womans Rights Convention in Cleveland, Ohio, on October 6-8. In the mid 19th century, the largest part of the population was still on the East Coat and in eastern states, with Ohio considered part of the west. Lucretia Mott, Martha Coffin Wright, and Amy Post were officers of the assembly. A new Declaration of Womens Rights was drafted after the convention voted to adopt the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments. The new document was not adopted. Ernestine Rose presided at the 1854 National Womans Rights Convention in Philadelphia, October 18-20. The group could not pass a resolution to create a national organization, instead preferring to support local and state work. The 1855 Womans Rights Convention was held in Cincinnati on October 17 and 18, back to a 2-day event. Martha Coffin Wright presided. The 1856 Womans Rights Convention was held in New York City. Lucy Stone presided. A motion passed, inspired by a letter from Antoinette Brown Blackwell, to work in state legislatures for the vote for women. No convention was held in 1857. In 1858, May 13-14, the meeting was held again in New York City. Susan B. Anthony, now better known for her commitment to the suffrage movement, presided. In 1859, the National Womans Rights Convention was held in New York City again, with Lucretia Mott presiding. It was a one-day meeting, on May 12. At this meeting, speakers were interrupted by loud disruptions from opponents of womens rights. In 1860, Martha Coffin Wright again presided at the National Womans Rights Convention held May 10-11. More than 1,000 attended. The meeting considered a resolution in support of women being able to obtain a separation or divorce from husbands who were cruel, insane or drunk, or who deserted their wives. The resolution was controversial and did not pass. Civil War and New Challenges With the tensions between North and South increasing, and Civil War approaching, the National Womans Rights Conventions were suspended, though Susan B. Anthony attempted to call one in 1862. In 1863, some of the same women as were active in the Womans Rights Conventions earlier called the First National Loyal League Convention, which met in New York City on May 14, 1863. The result was circulation of a petition supporting the 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude except as a punishment for a crime. The organizers gathered 400,000 signatures by the next year. In 1865, what was to become the Fourteenth Amendment  to the Constitution  had been proposed by the Republicans. This amendment would extend full rights as citizens to those who had been slaves and to other African Americans. But womens rights advocates were concerned that, by introducing the word male into the Constitution in this amendment, womens rights would be set aside. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized another Womans Rights Convention. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper was among the speakers, and she advocated for bringing together the two causes: equal rights for African Americans and equal rights for women. Lucy Stone and Anthony had proposed the idea at an American Anti-Slavery Society meeting in Boston in January. A few weeks after the Womans Rights Convention, on May 31, the first meeting of the American Equal Rights Association was held, advocating just that approach. In January of 1868, Stanton and Anthony began publishing The Revolution. They had become discouraged with the lack of change in the constitutional amendments proposed, which would exclude women explicitly, and were moving apart from the main AERA direction. Some participants in that convention formed the New England Woman Suffrage Association. Those who founded this organization were mainly those who supported the Republicans attempt to win the vote for African Americans and opposed the strategy of Anthony and Stanton to work only for womens rights. Among those who formed this group were Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Julia Ward Howe and T. W. Higginson.  Frederick Douglass  was among the speakers at their first convention. Douglass declared the cause of the negro was more pressing than that of womans. Stanton, Anthony, and others called another National Womans Rights Convention in 1869, to be held on January 19 in Washington, DC. After the May AERA convention, at which Stantons speech seemed to advocate for the Educated Suffrage -- upper-class women able to vote, but the vote withheld from the newly-freed slaves -- and Douglass denounced her use of the term Sambo -- the split was clear. Stone and others formed the  American Woman Suffrage Association  and Stanton and Anthony and their allies formed the  National Woman Suffrage Association.The suffrage movement did not hold a unified convention again until 1890 when the two organizations merged into the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Do you think you can pass this  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Womens Suffrage Quiz?

Maslow S Hierarchy Of Needs Paper - 1131 Words

The Concept of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the theory of human motivation called Hierarchy of Needs. It suggested that people need to be satisfied by all physiological needs before move on other high-order needs. I learned this concept in my secondary school which introduced how Hierarchy of Needs can be used in business management. At that moment, I can’t realize how this concept can be applied to manage people in companies, since I was student. It was difficult for me to imagine how this theory can be practically applied in the business world. When I study Consumer Behavior in this master course, it arouses my interest to understand that this theory can be applied to interpreting how consumer goods and†¦show more content†¦In addition, the company also concerns social needs which hope the employees have belonging feeling. For example, the company holds different interesting clubs to encourage employees to gather and share the hobbies in holidays, e.g. hiking club, biking club, running club etc. Apart from these clubs, the company also organizes annual dinner in order to offer a chance for different departments gather together in a relax atmosphere. The forth level is esteem needs. The company would reward those outstanding performance colleague though global announcement intranet system, which can strengthen employee’s confidence and create higher motivation to achieve good result in company. The last level is self-actualization, it may focus on top management how to achieve beyond its capabilities, for example, they can enjoy the bonus based on company’s profit. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is widely accepted in many social disciplines. However, it still has some weaknesses. Firstly, it is difficult to measure how people are satisfied in every level. There is no methods to measure precisely how satisfied one need is before the next higher need become operative. Secondly, in reality, people may seek different needs simultaneously, for instance, consumer would like to buy the car can offer safety and esteem needs. Thirdly, this theory doesn’t take account of age group consideration. Some old age people concern highest level of security,Show MoreRelatedMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs And Humanistic Psychology848 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Maslow. Abraham Maslow is best known for his work in creating the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Humanistic Psychology. There are many things that came out of Maslow’s findings, how he contributed to psychology, how he influenced the field of psychology, and how his findings are still used in today’s society. Maslow’s approach to psychology differed from other psychologist in his time. One of the things that Maslow developed was the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. 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Competitive Strategies for Australian Securities Exchange

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategies for Australian Securities Exchange. Answer: The following table shows the names of the different companies chosen from the provided list of industries, the industries from which the companies have been chosen and the strategy which is to be applied to each of the companies. Industry Name of Company/ Institution Strategy Childcare Think Childcare Limited Porters Generic Strategy Tourism and travel Marriot Hotel Australia Ansoff Matrix Education University of Melbourne Blue Ocean Strategy About Think Childcare Limited: Think Childcare Limited is one of the leading Australian firms in the consumer services segment of the market. Think Childcare Limited is responsible for redefining the methods of conducting business in the Consumer Services Industry. The Company is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and have a relevant presence in the stock market as well. Tool Used: Porters Generic Competitive Strategy: The relative position of any company inside its specific industry helps find whether the companys productivity has been above or below the average of the industry. The main basis of the above average profitability in the long run is sustainable competitive advantage. There are two noteworthy kinds of competitive advantage of a firm, namely low cost and differentiation. The two main types of competitive advantage along with the capacity of performance which an establishment seeks to achieve leads to three main generic strategies for the achievement of above average performance in a particular industry. The three main strategies for the achievement of above average performance in an industry is that of cost leadership, differentiation and focus. In this connection it can be said that the focus strategy has two variants namely cost focus and differentiation focus (Sumer and Bayraktar 2012). Analysis: The cost leadership strategy focuses on being the low cost producer in a particular industry concerned for a given level. In case of Think Childcare Limited, the company needs to innovate its products and services for bringing valuable customers to the fold and gives customers suitable reason to buy their products. The pricing of the products also need to be lowered such that the fixed cost per unit can be lowered. There should also be capacities and spending money on the different forms of research and development. Therefore in order to gain market share, the organisation needs to engage in the creation of products which are cost effective as well as best in the market (Taylor 2012). Differentiation strategy focuses on the development of unique characteristics which customers value and which they consider to be better or different from the rest in a positive sense. The value which is added by the uniqueness of the product might allow the company to ask for a genuine price for the same. It is desirable that the organisation needs to be more service oriented rather than simply being product oriented. There needs to be a proper understanding of the major requirements of the customers in comparison to what the customer is actually buying. The company needs to build a sustainable differentiation strategy so as to survive and build scale in order to compete better. The company can also collaborate with the competitors to increase the overall market size. The focus strategy is basically concentration on a narrow segment within which there is an aim to achieve cost advantage or differentiation. In case companies use such strategies they better enjoy customer loyalty. It can be said that this organisation needs to build a large customer base and this will be helpful in reducing the power of buyers and will also put forward a chance for the company to streamline sales. The company also needs to innovate its products fast (Baroto, Abdullah and Wan 2012). Ansoff Matrix: Marriot Hotel Australia: Marriott International Inc is world famous as one of the top lodging companies. It has over four thousand properties in more than eighty countries and territories. The company has recorded huge revenues in the financial years 2014 and 2015. It also has a branch in Australia. The strategy used to analyse this particular organisation is the Ansoff Matrix. The matrix comprises of market penetration, product development, market development and diversification (Tanwar 2013). The Ansoff matrix for this particular company is being shown as follows: Market Penetration The company sponsors several international football clubs. This is bound to improve the marketing and loyalty towards the hotel. The organisation also targets the specific middle class customers who are considerable in number. This is bound to add to the customer base of the organisation because the middle class customer base is huge. Luxury does not always find many takers as does middle class requirement (Hussain et al. 2013). There are several new offers and discounts which are offered by the hotel group in order to attract and lure customers of all types and categories to ultimately help facilitate the business There have been world famous shows hosted which have helped in the hotel growth. Product Development There have been cases where helicopters have been used to transport guests from the airport to particular hotels There have been several exhibitions for 1-2 weeks with a range of special offers in the Marriott Hotels all over the world There have been initiatives to facilitate the plates and dishes production. This has helped a lot in minimizing costs. Market Development There have been new branches which have been developed in several countries which did not have Marriott Hotels earlier There have been proper maintenance of standards in all of the different countries and continents. Diversification There has been the development of a new chain of shops known as Marriott Coffee chain There have been several collaborations with tourism and travel companies to facilitate business. Blue Ocean Strategy: University of Melbourne: Blue Ocean Strategy is the concept which focuses on innovation. The concept of Blue Ocean strategy is the simultaneous pursuit of both low cost and differentiation strategy. It is considered to be a systemized, fully sequenced and replicable methodology. This concept allows organisations and institutions to stop considering their competitors seriously and rather focus on redefining their own market boundaries as well as strategic assumptions (Mi 2015). The concept basically states that when the companies break free from the shackles of age old thoughts and limitations they find territories which are unexplored. These unexplored territories are referred to as Blue Oceans. It is believed that when a particular organisation or company values innovation, they can create leaps in value for both their businesses and customers alike (Borgianni, Cascini and Rotini 2012). The University of Melbourne is a public university that focuses on research and it is located in the city of Melbourne in the country of Australia. It is desirable that university focus on the scholarships which give importance to students from all walks of life and from different backgrounds. There also needs to be cost effective programs which help in the expansion of the student base of the university. In case students from different backgrounds come to study in the university, it is bound to have various laurels in the educational genre. The policy of the university should not focus on any sort of differentiation between the customers and the people. Thus the blue ocean strategy of the University should be a proper focus on multinational and cross cultural teachers and students as well as cost effective methods of teaching. References ad Bibliography: Baroto, M.B., Abdullah, M.M.B. and Wan, H.L., 2012. Hybrid strategy: A new strategy for competitive advantage.International Journal of Business and Management,7(20), p.120. Borgianni, Y., Cascini, G. and Rotini, F., 2012. Investigating the patterns of value-oriented innovations in blue ocean strategy.International Journal of Innovation Science,4(3), pp.123-142. Hussain, S., Khattak, J., Rizwan, A. and Latif, M.A., 2013. ANSOFF matrix, environment, and growth-an interactive triangle.Management and Administrative Sciences Review,2(2), pp.196-206. Kim, W.C. and Mauborgne, R.A., 2014.Blue ocean strategy, expanded edition: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Harvard business review Press. Mi, J., 2015. Blue ocean strategy.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Salavou, H.E., 2015. Competitive strategies and their shift to the future.European Business Review,27(1), pp.80-99. Sumer, K. and Bayraktar, C.A., 2012. Business strategies and gaps in Porter's typology: a literature review.Journal of Management Research,4(3), pp.100-119. Tanwar, R., 2013. Porters generic competitive strategies.Journal of business and management,15(1), pp.11-17. Taylor, E.C., 2012, January. Competitive improvement planning: using ansoff's matrix with abell's model to inform the strategic management process. InAllied Academies International Conference. Academy of Strategic Management. Proceedings(Vol. 11, No. 1, p. 21). Jordan Whitney Enterprises, Inc. Team, F.M.E., 2013. Ansoff Matrix, Strategy Skills.free-management-ebook. com.