Systematic Nursing Assessment Case Study free essay sample

Nursing care mainly focuses on the patient’s physical care, which allows nurses to be with their patients for much longer than many other health professionals. Systematic patient assessment is an integral part of a nurse’s job as it permits patient care to be prioritized according to severity of condition, and also molds the basis of care plans (Anderson, 1998). Through early detection of a deteriorating patient, appropriate treatment can be elicited, which could prevent adverse events and potentially save a patient’s life. Patient assessment is an ongoing process that is conducted throughout the patients stay, with the frequency dependent on the patient’s overall status (Stoy, 2001). If assessment is not conducted thoroughly, vital information may be missed which may impact on the patients overall progress. A detailed systematic assessment is comprised of a primary survey: which aims to identify and treat life threatening conditions, and a secondary survey: which includes a detailed health history and a head to toe assessment (Wardrope amp; Mackenzie, 2004). This paper relates systematic patient assessment to a clinical case study: Mr. Brown, a 72-year-old male is admitted to ED with increasing SOB on exertion. Throughout the paper Mr. Brown’s symptoms will be coupled to appropriate nursing interventions, as outlined by the appropriate literature. The first assessment to be conducted is the primary survey, which involves the identification of immediately life threatening conditions, coupled with appropriate nursing interventions (Allen, 2004). It should be commenced immediately upon contact with the patient, as well as any subsequent interactions. The primary survey is an objective assessment, and follows the pneumonic DRsABCDE (BetterHealth, 2013). The primary survey begins with â€Å"D† and involves the health care provider assessing for dangers to self, the patient, or others. Dangers can include things such as liquid spills, broken glass, loose cables, and even distressed family members (AlscoFirstAid, 2013). In the case study, Mr Brown was sitting upright in bed with no dangers reported; therefore we are able to move onto the next stage. The second stage of the primary assessment, â€Å"R†, involves eliciting a response from the patient. The response can be stimulated by any of the following: verbal means, touching of the shoulder, or a painful stimulus such as a sternal rub (BetterHealth, 2013). Mr Brown is eye opening to name, so he is classified as responsive. The nurse would postpone â€Å"s† sending for help at this stage, as it is unnecessary at the present time (AlscoFirstAid, 2013). Ensuring the patient has a patent â€Å"A† airway is vital; if it is compromised the patient will be unable to adequately perfuse the body with oxygen, which may result in cell death (Stoy, 2001). Airway assessment ensures that the airway is clear and unobstructed from things such as food, vomit or the tongue (Domiguez, 1997). The quickest and easiest way to determine if the patients airway is patent, is by eliciting a verbal response (Safar et al. , 1959). If the airway was found to not be patent, then appropriate interventions must be carried out before continuing on through the assessment (Wardrope et al. , 2004). Mr Brown is ‘talking and orientated on walking’ indicating airway patency, thus it is acceptable to move on to â€Å"B†. The â€Å"B† breathing assessment involves the evaluation of: respiratory rate, rhythm, depth of breathing and use of accessory muscles (AdvancedLifeSupportGroup, 2001). This ultimately assesses the effectiveness of breathing, which indicates if a substantial supply of oxygen is being supplied to the tissues. Upon inspection, Mr. Brown had equal rise and fall of the chest, however he was using his subcleidomastoid muscles, which is indicative of increased work of breathing (Banner et al. , 1995). Mr. Browns skin was also pale and moist to touch, which in combination with increased work of breathing can exemplify a state of hypoxia (Day et al. 2009). Hunter and Rawlings-Anderson (2008) report that the normal respiratory rate of healthy adults is between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. Mr. Brown’s respiratory rate is at 40 breaths per minute; therefore it is clear that he is tachypneic. If the patient is exhibiting increased work of breathing and an increased respiratory ra te, Konica Minolta Sensing Inc. (2006) suggest using pulse oximetry to determine the patients oxygenation status. This assessment measures the level of saturation of the patients hemoglobin molecules. Konica Minolta Sensing Inc. 2006) indicate that normal SpO2 levels should be above 96% saturation, and anything less should be cause for alarm. Mr. Browns SpO2 levels were found to be 88% on room air, this combined with his increased work of breathing and respiratory rate suggest he is hypoxic and not perfusing his tissues adequately. Interventions must be put into place before the primary assessment can continue. To prevent Mr. Brown going into further respiratory distress, it would be appropriate to initiate oxygen therapy. Mr. Brown should be fitted with a Hudson mask on 100% oxygen with a minimum flow rate of 6L (Heffner, 2013). The minimum flow rate will prevent Mr. Brown from rebreathing his expired CO2, and Hudson masks are readily available near the patient’s bedside (Heffner, 2013). The patient’s respiratory status should continually be assessed throughout oxygen therapy, and if the interventions are ineffective, further action is required. Bristow et al. (2000) report that respiratory distress is one of the most common reasons to call for the medical emergency team (MET). They go on to say that a MET call is usually elicited in response to a set of defined physiological abnormalities, which indicate that the patient’s health may be declining. At this in the primary assessment it would be appropriate to initiate a MET call, as the patient appears to be in severe respiratory distress. According to Wardrope and Mackenzie (2004) a â€Å"C† circulation assessment is required to determine if a pulse is present, and whether the circulatory system is satisfactorily perfusing the tissues. They go on to say that a circulatory assessment can reveal signs of internal bleeding, hemodynamic shock, and sepsis. The pulse is assessed for rate, strength, rhythm, and equity on both sides (Anderson, 1998). A regular adult heart rate is eported to be between 60-100 beats per minute, and a regular blood pressure is 110-140mmHg systolic and 60-90 diastolic (Mancia et al. , 1983). Mr. Brown is slightly tachycardic with a heart rate of 105bpm, and hypertensive with a blood pressure of 150/90mmHg. Mr. Browns capillary refill time of 3s is considered within normal parameters, and he has a bilateral, strong radial pulse, which suggests his ci rculatory system is adequately reaching the periphery (Allen, 2004). As these results are not immediately life threatening, no interventions are required at this stage and the assessment can continue. The next level of primary assessment involves an evaluation of the patient’s neurological status, checking for â€Å"D† disability. This step begins with assessing the patients level of consciousness with the AVPU scale: Alert, Verbal stimulus response, Painful stimulus response, Unconscious (McNarry amp; Goldhill, 2003). The assessment continues by checking if the patient’s pupils are equal size and responsive to light (PEARL), and checking the patients blood glucose (Wardrope amp; Mackenzie, 2004). Mr Brown was reported to be drowsy, but eye opening to a verbal stimulus, and his pupils were equal and responsive to light. The patients blood glucose of 13. 4mmol/L was outside the normal parameters of 3-8mmol/L, however in the primary survey we are mainly concerned about hypoglycemia, and can revert back to this issue during the secondary assessment (Wardrope amp; Mackenzie, 2004). The â€Å"E† exposure portion of the primary survey addresses the patient’s external signs and symptoms. The patient’s temperature, skin appearance (including rashes/colour) and diaphoresis should all be assessed (Wardrope et al. , 2004). Mr Brown is afebrile, with a temperature of 36. 6 °C, has no visible rashes, but is pale and moist to touch. These conditions should be noted, and reassessed every 15 minutes to determine any changes, however as they are not life threatening it is safe to move on. The primary assessment is a cyclical process and should be constantly repeated throughout the patients stay in hospital. Continual monitoring assesses the effectiveness of interventions, and allows for subsequent changes to the patient’s care plan. Therefore it would be expected that the nurse should go through the primary assessment until all the requirements of each stage have been satisfied, before continuing on to the secondary assessment. The secondary assessment comprises both subjective and objective data, in the form of a health history and a head-to-toe assessment (Anderson, 1998). A thorough health history is essential to assist the practitioner develop a diagnosis, and arrange a safe medication plan (Quilliam, 2011). The health history includes collecting the patients biographical data, reason for seeking health care, their past medical history, family history, current and past medications, and psychosocial histories (Stewart, 1990). The first information collected in the secondary assessment is the patients demographic details, which includes name, date of birth, gender, address, phone number, and ethnic background (Quilliam, 2011). The extent of the demographic information supplied is as follows: Mr Brown is a 72-year-old male that lives in a large house with his wife. Secondly the patient’s reason for seeking healthcare must be explored including detailed symptom analysis (Anderson, 1998). The pneumonic PQRST (Precipitating factors, Quality, Region and Radiation, Severity, Timing) is often used by health professionals to help the patient describe their symptoms in greater detail (Mulhall, 1977). ‘Precipitating factors’ explains the cause of the patient’s symptoms, whether the onset was sudden or gradual, and if any activities cause the symptom to get worse (Pollak et al. , 2005). ‘Quality’ allows the patient to qualitatively describe the feeling of the symptom, such as a heavy chest, crushing pain, stabbing or sharp (Mulhall, 1977). Region and radiation’ ask for the locations of the symptoms, and if they radiate to any other part of the body. ‘Severity’ allows the patient to describe their symptoms in a quantitative way, by rating the intensity out of 10 (Pollak et al. , 2005). ‘Timing’ refers to the pattern of the symptoms; if they are constant or experienced intermittently. Mr. Brown’s presentin g complaint was increasing fatigue, increasing shortness of breath on exertion, non-productive cough, chest tightness and peripheral oedema. It should also be noted that Mr. Brown requires three pillows to sleep at night. This is all the symptom information that was supplied for the patient. Past medical histories can help gain insight into the patient’s current condition. It should include past and present medical conditions, surgical procedures, congenital conditions, hospital admissions, trauma’s (both physical and emotional), immunizations, allergies and any other relevant information (Swartz, 2002). Mr. Brown’s past medical history shows he has a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and congestive cardiac failure (CCF). Mr. Brown may also have a history of obesity as his BMI upon admission is 35. , and a BMI gt;30 is classified as obese (DepartmentofHealthandAgeing, 2009). Collecting an up to date family history is important as many diseases carry a genetic component. Information collected in this segment includes diseases in the immediate family, as well as any premature deaths along with their age of death. There was no family history data supplied for Mr. Brown, therefore it will not be discussed. When collecting data about a patient’s medication it is important to remember over the counter, herbal and vitamin supplements, as well as the standard prescription medications. Information regarding the dosage, length of use, and reason for use must also be documented (Quilliam, 2011). Mr. Brown was on Lasix 20mg BD (Bi-daily), Perindopril 2. 5mg BD, and Lipitor 40mg OD (once-daily). This is all the information documented about Mr. Brown’s medications. A psychosocial analysis should be undertaken to gain insight in to the patient’s living situation, and to assess the patient’s level of daily functioning, such as performing activities of daily life (ADLs) (Quilliam, 2011). This is a good opportunity to ask about the patient’s smoker status and alcohol intake. It is also essential to check if the patient has any significant social support (Swartz, 2002). Mr. Brown is a retired schoolteacher that lives with his dependent wife in a large house, which he confined to most of the time. He is independent in his ADLs, but is the sole carer for his wife with osteoarthritis, as his three children live interstate. There is no information regarding his smoking status, and he is a social drinker. The final stage of the secondary assessment involves the collection of objective data, through a head-to-toe assessment. It is important that no significant information is overlooked. This can be prevented by beginning with a general survey, followed by assessment of the head, neck, thorax, abdomen and lastly the extremities (Swartz, 2002). This process involves a comprehensive investigation of each body system using the four nursing techniques: inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation (Marcum amp; Killian, 2009). Inspection requires the use of sight and sound to observe the patient’s physical condition. Inspection is commonly used to assess the colour of the skin, and determine the presence of any rashes, bruises, lacerations etc. (Altman, 2004). Palpation employs the use of the finger pads to gently depress the skin, assessing for underlying structures, moisture, tenderness or pulsations (Altman, 2004). Percussion involves tapping the fingertips on superficial structures, to assess the internal densities and consolidation through resonance of internal structures (Altman, 2004). Auscultation requires the use of a stethoscope to listen for internal body sounds, which are usually inaudible to the human ear. The secondary survey helps to establish a baseline health status, and identifies conditions that may or may not relate to the presenting issue. Below is a short discussion on the body systems assessment regarding Mr. Brown. The neurological assessment would commence with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) to objectify consciousness. As Mr Brown requires a verbal stimulus to elicit a response, has equal limb strength, and is orientated to person, place and time; he has scored 14/15 (CenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention, 2003). GCS helps to assess for brain injury or neurological depression, and a score of lt;13 is found to be abnormal (Teasdale amp; Jennet, 1974). The assessment continues by testing his pupils, which were found to PEARL, and assessing symptoms such as pain and dizziness; which he has nil complaint of. In regard to Mr. Brown’s cardiovascular system, he is experiencing bi-lateral pitting edema to mid calf, which is a common symptom of congestive cardiac failure (Ely et al. , 2006). He has normal heart sounds and capillary refill times. Due to his past history of CCF and current symptoms it would be appropriate to undertake a focused cardiac assessment. This assessment would also include inspection of the chest wall for an apical pulse, inspection of the limbs and digits for cyanosis and clubbing, palpation of the pulses for rate, rhythm, strength and equity; also a blood pressure measurement and an electrocardiogram (ECG) (Day et al. , 2009). Mr. Brown’s respiratory assessment reveals that he has bi-basal crackles in his lungs, along with decreased air entry. This is possibly the main cause for his increased work of breathing, and it would be appropriate to undertake a focused assessment on his respiratory system. The focused assessment would include inspection of the chest wall (for contour and colour), palpation for fremitus, auscultation and percussion of the thorax (front and back), and directed questions relating to the symptoms such as shortness of breath (Massey amp; Meredith, 2011). Upon inspection, Mr. Brown’s abdomen was soft and tender; with normal bowel sounds. It would now be appropriate to address Mr. Brown’s elevated blood glucose level, as any life threatening conditions have been eliminated. Because Mr. Brown is not currently on any insulin according to his drug chart, the nurse would need to liaise with a doctor to initiate an intervention. No other gastrointestinal information was supplied. Although Mr. Brown had nil urinary symptoms, it would still be appropriate to undertake a urinalysis. The urinalysis test allows us to detect increased levels of leukocytes, which are a hallmark of infection (McPherson amp; Ben-Ezra, 2011). The bi-basal crackles heard during the auscultation of the lungs could be due to a possible lung infection. Now that the secondary survey is complete, a social worker should be contacted to arrange care for Mr. Brown’s wife. Because she is dependent she will be unable to maintain herself in the home, and thus will require assistance. This will also help Mr. Brown psychologically, as he will get peace of mind knowing his wife is being taken care of. This report demonstrated a systematic approach to patient assessment regarding a clinical case study. The importance of both primary and secondary assessments in the examination patients was established. The primary assessment highlighted Mr. Brown’s life threatening respiratory distress and showed the significance of early interventions. The secondary assessment helped gain significant subjective information that is essential in the diagnostic process. A thorough head-to-toe assessment demonstrated the importance of acquiring more detailed objective information about the patient. Overall systematic assessment is a valuable tool for nurses to help prevent adverse patient outcomes, and to catalyze the overall healing process.

The Biggest Myth About Slide Presentation Essay Samples Exposed

The Biggest Myth About Slide Presentation Essay Samples Exposed Life After Slide Presentation Essay Samples You could choose the support of PowerPoint templates to achieve that. A suitable presentation outline format contains 3 important pieces. There are scores of absolutely free presentation templates made out of your project in mind. To be successful in the procedure, you want to learn some useful PowerPoint presentation tips. The photographs and the text work with each other to provide the presentation an enjoyable retro look. Be certain that you're only using videos in your presentation in order to add value. Just make certain that your images appear consistent in regard to style, color, composition, etc.. Use the box below to give particulars of the shape you've added and where it are available in your presentation. Bear in mind, all type of activities you're speaking about in the essay must be associated with the scholarship program. So far as essay structure goes , a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you may wish to argue is a superb start. The sentences ought to be little and clear. If you include an excessive amount of content in the slides, your audience might end up reading as opposed to listening. You may also ask your audience to talk about their private experience with your topic. Second, consider the feasible outcomes the audience may experience. In the second instance, your audience will end up bored even before you arrive at the center of the presentation. Get the Scoop on Slide Presentation Essay Samples Before You're Too Late Since SlideShare presentations are viewed online, they are sometimes considered a kind of internet content. Some presentations are far better than others. As discussed earlier, SlideShare presentations can be regarded as a sort of on-line content. A number of the presentations are offered for free download. You are full of choices. Since presentations are geared toward showin g or explaining an issue to other individuals, while picking the subject, you should orient the presentation more on the demands of your audience as opposed to personal taste. Therefore, students need to work quite difficult as a way to think of a practical solution for virtually any problem. Want to Know More About Slide Presentation Essay Samples? You might be penalised for going over time, or be not able to finish. 20 minutes will be enough since it's challenging to continue to keep people focused longer than that moment. If you're on the lookout for an amazing means to present it, a fast video presentation could possibly be exactly what you demand. You're giving a presentation before a room full of individuals. Slide Presentation Essay Samples - the Story An excellent way to begin is by imagining a dozen slides. A heading should be at the peak of all slides in addition to the absolute most important info. As much as possible, avoid utilizing the most frequent stock tem plates which people use. What You Should Do to Find Out About Slide Presentation Essay Samples Before You're Left Behind Put all of your information before them and place your proposal and its related info and key point by which you may implement and utilize that idea effectively. Use the box below to recognize different kinds of information you might be asked to put in your presentation. It is essential to avoid excessive quantity of information. First things first, You will want to choose what sort of information to have in your disclaimer. Students should know that PowerPoint presentation offers effective tools that help simplify the learning procedure, which makes it amazing and appealing. Developing a fantastic presentation is just one of the multiple academic skills you must master in a college. Presentation objectives The subject of your presentation will typically be explained in the assignment instructions. Topics with which you're well acquainted with are incline d to be presented with more confidence. These days, nearly every speech is accompanied by some kind of a presentation. To begin with, choose what you need to hear. For any speech, like a valedictorian speech, you will want to provide an excellent first impression. A speech presentation requires enough preparation in order for it to work. If you're confident about your subject, you might relish your moments in the limelight. When it has to do with a potent presentation which can help you stand out and bring you an A, selecting an interesting topic may be a key to success. The more interesting the subject, the more probable it is to reach its audience. If you don't report to your audience about the subject, it'll be difficult for them to quickly grasp what it is you're discussing.

Paper Presentation Topics In Mechanical Engineering

Paper Presentation Topics In Mechanical EngineeringAs you read this article, you should know what are the best paper presentation topics in mechanical engineering. You can also get your problem solve on this topic by clicking this link below. Thus, you can enjoy a lot of reading.The problem solves here are mainly based on your knowledge on the actual material that you are going to write in the paper. So, the reader should get an idea about what kind of material it is. Below are some ideas on this topic.Lecture Design The lecture design is a concept of paper presentation topics in mechanical engineering. In this way, we can say that this term covers the writing style that the author would use for explaining their topic. We will get the opportunity to understand what they are trying to make people understand or get what they are trying to tell us. This will not only help you in the way of communication but also in your papers' effectiveness.Objective Presentation Of the objective prese ntation, the presentation itself is the main component of the paper. You must know that most of the papers do not have the objective. So, you will be able to set a goal that will give your presentation more meaning and it will enhance the paper's written materials.Abstract Statement A second concept of paper presentation topics in mechanical engineering is the use of the abstract statement. This is just like the picture of a picture that captures the viewer's attention. The readers will be able to understand the whole thing.Feedbacks The third concept of paper presentation topics in mechanical engineering is the feedbacks. If you think that your paper is very impressive, then there is nothing wrong in giving some feedback about it. It will help your readers understand better your material. You can have them printed on your thesis for your readers' convenience.Description Of The Technical Analysis This should be the part of the presentation that you think is important. This is especi ally needed when the person you are talking to is a layman. This part will help you illustrate your paper in a simple way.Finally, the fourth and the last topic is the conclusion. If you were able to describe the first four topics properly, then you will be able to come up with a good conclusion.

How to Write Common Essay Format in College

How to Write Common Essay Format in CollegeMany people assume that the most common essay format in college is a structured one. They don't realize that while most standardized tests do require something called an essay, many students do not have a background in that language and therefore, are not familiar with its structure.It is not uncommon for students to be confused by the different essay formats they encounter throughout college. Students want to know what their essays should be like so they can research on what is expected of them. This can take them several months to find the right essay format for their personality and what they need to cover in order to graduate.Once college freshmen start writing essays, they realize how complicated the subject can be and that a longer essay would have been much more helpful. They are taught by their professors and advisors to write essays as short as possible. However, for the most part, students are allowed to use more words, though it s hould not be as long as an average business or literature term paper.In order to get a better understanding of why students are struggling with these essays, consider this scenario. Your college freshman class has a student who is always late. You believe this is due to a lack of focus on the assignments and you expect him to work hard so that he will graduate.However, when you ask the college freshmen in your class about the reason why he is late, they tell you that it is because he works really hard and he doesn't see time slip away when he is working. To you, this is the most common problem with students in college, as they work as hard as they can. Now, you have a lot of questions to ask yourself: why is this happening?Another question you might want to ask yourself is how you can get your student's attitude changed from being a perfectionist into being a hard worker. You will have to build a rapport with your student, so that you can help him improve his work ethic. Through som e trial and error, you may be able to start his attitude toward the assignments to a more work-like attitude. You can even tell him that your own attitude is dependent on your own productivity.When writing your essays, remember that there is no one most usual format. Keep in mind that there are going to be many college freshmen around, so keep some open-mindedness when trying to write these papers.

Sample Phrases for Middle School

Sample Phrases for Middle SchoolA sample paragraph essay is a typical everyday assignment that many students would gladly do in middle school. Although these types of essays may not look all that easy to write or even require some of the traditional writing skills you learned at school, they are actually rather simple to complete. Though you may be nervous to go through this type of writing exercise, you should relax and keep the following tips in mind as you get started. While there may be some instances where you need to use a different format, it's important to keep your samples simple for those students who really don't understand the point of the essay.These forms are the same exact document you will get in college or high school, with the only difference being the letterhead and address. So basically, what is required is a cover letter. The rest of the format you can take from the sample. These sample letters are simply for practice purposes and can only serve as a basis.Rememb er, these samples are a framework of how to write a sample paragraph essay for middle school. However, keep in mind that not all essays written for a certain class are going to fit the same basic outline. Sometimes it will take a bit more work to craft a good middle school essay that is attractive and interesting.Even if you are writing a middle school essay for a particular class, always keep in mind that an essay that is too long will end up as something that is uninteresting. No one likes to read something that they don't enjoy reading. As an essay has to stand out, it also has to be short and to the point. If you don't feel like writing a thousand words then you may want to try a shorter version or one with one sentence for the middle of the essay.Some parents have felt as though their child's Middle School Reading is so great that they don'twant to sacrifice it because of being short. However, the fact of the matter is that you can write longer essays, but if you do, you may wa nt to consider what the essay is actually about. Are you looking to build character for your child? Do you want to reveal their creativity?If your middle school writing is a more personal essay, then you may want to consider breaking it up into several sections. You may want to include a one-paragraph introduction to the topic, then include the opening paragraphs. Then follow that up with a conclusion or final paragraph. It will be up to you to determine how long you want the essay to be, but you must remember that the only rule that applies to middle school is that it should be shorter than your teacher's required writing. This is to make it easier for students to comprehend and to allow you to respond to any questions or concerns they may have.Lastly, you must realize that everyone is different and Middle School Writes is no exception. So don't be afraid to ask your own mom or dad how they like their writing to be shorter or longer.

Performing Arts Events

Introduction McCarthy (2001) notes that the performing arts consists of â€Å"theatre, opera, dance and music†(p.1). Over the years, there has been rapid development in the performing arts sector.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Performing Arts Events specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Historical Background McCarthy (2001) notes that â€Å"during the 19th century, commercial artists and organizations were the major providers of performing arts in America†(p.6). Most of the performances by then were managed by individuals and were staged in large cities and small towns and were entirely for business. McCarthy (2001) notes that the individual owners made no distinction between â€Å"high and popular arts in terms of either programming or audiences†(p.16). University Microfilms (1982) explain that by the end of the 19th century, new technologies which included radio, recorded music, films, radio, and television were introduced, and this led to reduction in the number of live performing arts organizations. All these were important tools for leisure and recreation. During this period, a lot of customers diverted from the live propriety arts which marked the first major shift in the performing arts. The live high arts were presented in the nonprofit sector while the most popular arts that were both live and recorded fell mainly into the commercial sector. By mid century, McCarthy (2001) notes that there were live professional performing arts that were supported by nonprofit arts institutions that were centered in major metropolitan areas. McCarthy (2001) explains that on the other hand, â€Å"in the late 1950s and early 1960s, there was an increased growth of funders in performing arts due to the introduction of the new financing technique that was initiated by the Ford Foundation†(p.38). During this period, there was a lot of expansion and geographic dispersion of organ izations of nonprofit arts in the country (McCarthy, 2001) By the year 1980, much expansion in the performing arts sector was experienced (University Microfilms, 1982). It’s quite clear that growth from leveraged funding will not live long. In addition, the live performing arts are dying due to the preferred use of broadcast and recorded media to experience the performing arts.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These developments have impacted both the profit and the non-profit organizations strategies, which in turn have changed the performing arts system with regard to what is performed and the manner in which it is delivered. A study carried out by Godfrey Urice (1999) indicates that there has been increase in the number of people purchasing recorded performances and going to watch live performances. However, Godfrey Urice (1999) explains that â€Å"much growth has been experienc ed in the market for the non-live arts inclusive of the recorded and broadcast performances†(p.45). Godfrey Urice (1999) notes that the demand for the non-live performances has risen due to the increased costs of live performances, the need for people to have leisure while at home as well as the improved quality of recorded live performances On the other hand McCarthy (2001) notes that Americans attendance of live performances increased slightly over the ten years from 1982 to 1992 while more recent findings from the year 1992 to the year 1997 indicate â€Å"the number of people attending live performances going up by four percent (opera) to sixteen percent (musicals).† Analysis of Factors in Performing Arts A study by University Microfilms(1982) notes â€Å"social factors largely affect the performing arts industry†(p.38). For instance, more Americans want leisure activities that are flexible enough, thus the demand for recorded work has increased. In addition, the younger generation to come is predicted that it will enjoy use of internet and other technological tools than attending live performances. The second issue is the artists. The number of artists has been growing rapidly over the years. McCarthy (2001)notes that â€Å"the increase in both nonprofit and commercial arts organizations between 1970 and 1990 led to a doubling in the number of professional artists over that period to 1.6 million, about 261,000 who were performing artists†(p.20).The number of performing artists who pursue performing arts with no expectations of pay is also increasing. Despite the fact that the job security of performing artists has largely declined, the artists continue to be dedicated to their work. Performing artists usually earn less amount of pay than other professionals. McCarthy (2001) notes that â€Å"the median annual salary of professional and technical workers in 1989 was 10 percent higher than the median salary of professional actors and directors, and more than twice as high as the median salary of musicians, composers and dancers†(p.30).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Performing Arts Events specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other factor affecting the performing artists is that the presence of superstars makes people to concentrate on only a few artists. These superstars use internet for marketing themselves directly to their audience. Thus, a few top performing artists are paid almost all the wages, thus leaving the upcoming artists with very less amount. McCarthy(2001) notes that â€Å" the number of nonprofit performing arts organizations increased by over eighty percent between 1982 and 1997, whereas the number of commercial performing arts organizations increased by over forty percent† (p.32).`In addition, revenues for nonprofit performing groups have gone down for all performing arts except in opera, indicating that t he new nonprofit organizations are not big. Tyler (2010) explains that most performing arts venues were built in the years between 1980 and 1993.These organizations are usually exempted from tax while others are funded by the local government. These are the key indicators of economic benefits of arts. Many theater halls for instance are funded by the community organizations. On the other hand, commercial organizations in the recording and broadcasting industries are increasingly organized globally. McCarthy notes that between 1977 and 1997, the revenue that was received from â€Å"earned income, contributions and government remained steady as the total average annual revenues for performing arts organizations rose steadily†(p.35).Though performing groups have tried a lot to market themselves so as to develop audience, they still mainly rely on the market. Gregory Arthur (2005) explains that â€Å"frequently, the states and local governments seem to focus more on awarding gr ants to social and economic benefits and less on arts although private contributions increased steadily between the years 1977 and 1997, though in form of small donations†(p.76). A study by Tyler (2003) indicates that the performing arts sector has come up with several strategies to cater for its financial needs for instance, â€Å"strategies for cutting costs, developing revenues, and developing revenues†(p.39). Future trends and Challenges in Performing Arts. In future, small firms will try to capture the audience by use of recorded work including the classical recordings unlike the large firms. Small for- profit performing arts firms will make use of technological tools like e-commerce and internet to boost their programming so as to serve a wider and more specialized market. It is also predicted that in future, the nonprofit sector will be divided between the large and small nonprofits, when it comes to programming, type of audience, and the professionalism of most of the artists.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sheehy (1994) also notes that there will be â€Å"deviations of interest in the nonprofit firms, whereby these firms will lay more emphasis on local and ethnic communities, specialized budgets, low budget, low-tech productions and will rely on volunteers as well as providing opportunities for hand-on participation for non professional artists in traditional –arts forms†(p.33). McCarthy (2001) explains that â€Å"the biggest change that will be experienced will be the opera companies, symphony orchestras, ballet companies and theatre groups in the middle nonprofit organizations†(p.13). Rowe (2004) adds that â€Å"probable decrease in demand, costs, and the decreasing funding streams will either make these institutions either larger, though they are likely to lack resources, or smaller so as to keep the costs down and to rely on local talent and in severe cases, some will close down†(p.34). The major shift in the performing arts events as noted by McCarthy (2001) are in the structure of the system of performing arts. McCarthy (2001) notes that â€Å"while the commercial recorded and broadcast performing arts industry is growing more and more concentrated globally, live performances are proliferating at the local level, typically in very small organizations with low operating budgets and a mix of paid and unpaid performers and staff† (p.14). On the other hand, the middle- sized nonprofit organizations have faced lots of difficulties in getting the public to cater for their costs. Many of these middle-sized nonprofit organizations are likely to vanish (McCarthy, 2001). McCarthy (2001) explains that â€Å"going by the issues that we have discussed, the number of performances will either increase or decrease depending on whether they are recorded or presented as live performances, or whether they involve the high, folk or popular arts†(p.78). For instance, high arts professional performances will be saturated in large cities and will be provided by nonprofit firms that are well financially. McCarthy (2001) also explains that â€Å"in smaller cities and towns, the touring artists and performing groups will present live performances to audiences since they are unable to provide the top performing artists†(p.47). Rowe (2004) also notes that â€Å"small performing arts groups will be in a position to come up with active loyal audiences and small organizations in the nonprofit sector will go on providing low-budget productions with lots of diversity since they will be performed mostly by artists who do not do craft as a vocation†(p 35). There will be trends that are mostly likely to arrest the development of young talented performing artists (Rowe, 2004). This is because if the phenomenon of superstars goes on and both the number of large and middle sized organizations decreases, then young artists will not have a room to gain experience. Rowe (2004) explains that in addition, â€Å"the press ure on these organizations to earn great revenues will end up producing programming that is appealing to mass audiences†(p.40). If successful market categories are let to determine what is recorded or performed, then there will be less innovation. In the case of use of internet for marketing work, when so many artists use internet to attract the audience, it will be impossible for the audience to recognize the unique talent. Finally, changes in accessibility of performing arts will have a great impact. McCarthy (2001) explains that â€Å"despite the fact that the number of live professional performances will go down in parts of the country, performances that are community-based and recorded performances will take the part of live performances†(p.48). Careers and Guidance on Working as a Performing Artist. There are various careers that exist in the performing arts industry. Some of these careers include; dance therapist, dancer, singer, music director and story teller ( University Microfilms, 1982). A dance therapist is a person who uses dance movements and observations in assessing people. He or she is entrusted with the role of ensuring that clients improve their self confidence by using body movements. A dance therapist can work in rehabilitation centers, nursing homes and special education schools among other places. A dancer is a person who is able to express him self or stories by use of body movements. For one to become a dancer, one must be flexible and have good body coordination. Dancers can work in shows, can do television commercials, and work in movie theatres among other places. The other type of career is a singer. A singer is a person who can use his vocals to produce music. A singer is supposed to be able to vary his tone depending with the key of the song. Singers can work in music shows, in the television for commercials, in bands as well as in movie theatres. The fourth type of career for performing artists is a music director. A music director is a person who directs a group of musicians, a film or an orchestra. A music director can work in schools that recognize the need to develop the musical skills of their talented learners and in orchestra bands. A music director is entrusted with the role of choosing the performers, selecting music, hiring professionals in music as well as supervising the rehearsals and organizing the actual performance. Finally, a story teller is a person who is able to create and tell stories. He must be very creative and charming person. He must know how to read the gestures of the audience so as to know what story to tell and when. A story teller can work in an auditorium; can tell stories in the television, and can work in big entertainment shows. While Working as a performing artists, one should know that time is of essence. This means that one should maximize the available time. The other important thing to note is that a performing artist should be someone who can imagine an d visualize things. This will enable you to come up with items that are unique. As a performing artist, it’s important that you utilize the knowledge that you have to come up with items that are able to capture people’s attention. At the same time, it’s important for one to be fully aware of him self or her self even as one takes up a career in performing arts. This will in turn enable an individual to work hard towards the realization of goal. Finally, there is need for one to follow his passion in making career choices and when one decides on the career choice, and then one should be persistent in the career. By following all these, then one will be successful in his career as performing artists. Key Impacts and Ethical concerns of hosting a performing arts event. In a study by Rowe (2004), integrating arts in schools generally improves the learner’s performance and discipline. Sheehy (1994) explains that hosting performance arts events improve the gene ral well being of a person and promotes economy and good neighborhood. Rowe (2004) also explains that hosting performance events increases capital and leads to the realization of certain community goals. McCarthy (2001) explains that hosting performing arts events strengthens the performers economically since they are usually paid when they perform .The economy of the country is also boosted in cases whereby tourists are present in the performing arts events (Heibrain Gray, 2001). By hosting performing arts events, the community gets to experience the world of the arts and eventually, many community members find themselves participating in the arts. The growth of arts industries is also stimulated when such events are hosted. Politicians can use the well organized performing arts events to familiarize themselves with citizens. Hosting performing arts events also creates good relationships between countries, especially when the performing arts events are international. Hosting perfo rming arts also has cultural value. To start with, it creates a sense of collective identity, leading to development of community norms which include tolerance and freedom of expression, and at the same time, it improves the community’s image. Finally, hosting performing arts events has social value as people come together so as to organize the events and by doing so, a lot of interactions take place between various stakeholders and among people in general. There are limitations that are usually associated with hosting performing arts events. For instance, the arts events may not always impact on the economy of the likely, like in cases whereby high schools are holding performing arts events. The second limitation is that hosting performing arts events more often than not tends to favor more interaction among organizations than among individuals. Finally, hosting performing arts events usually impacts negatively to the environment as it causes noise pollution. Conclusion In c onclusion, the field of performing arts has grown widely over the years. There are several factors that are responsible for shaping the performing arts among them being political, social, cultural, and technological factors. Among the careers in performing arts include: dance therapist, music director, story teller, singer and dancer. One of the key things in pursuing a career in performing arts is that one should have a passion for it and be ready to persevere. Some of the future trends of performing arts include: there will be improved changes in recording and broadcasting, a great difference between the large and small performing arts organizations and that the young talents may not have a chance to acquire the required experience in performing arts, References Gregory, B Arthur, C. (2005) A question of morality: artists values and public funding. Wales, University of Cardiff. Godfrey, M. Urice, S. (1999) The performing arts in a new era. London, Routledge. Heibrun, J. Gray, C . (2001) The economics of art and culture. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. McCarthy, K.F. (2001) The performing arts in a new era. London, Oxford University Press. Rowe, M. (2004) Arts education partnerships: lessons learnt. New York, Rand Corporation. Sheehy, C. (1994) Managing performing arts collections in academic and public libraries. London: Libraries Unlimited. Tyler, C. (2010) Good and plenty: the creative successes of American arts funding. New York, Sage. University Microfilms (1982) Dissertation abstracts international: the humanities and social sciences. London, University Microfilms International. This essay on Performing Arts Events was written and submitted by user Ezequiel Colon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Crucible, by Arthur Miller. Essay interpretes quote Good people...are good because theyve come to wisdom through failure.

The Crucible, by Arthur Miller. Essay interpretes quote Good people...are good because theyve come to wisdom through failure. Arthur Miller's The Crucible: Gaining Integrity through FailureIntegrity is achieved through the gaining of wisdom; the gaining of wisdom is a direct result of failure. Arthur Miller wrote the moralizing drama, The Crucible, in this play the main character John Proctor was wrongly accused of witchcraft and served the death penalty along with two others. The story of John Proctor was indirectly summarized by the American author William Saroyan when he said, "Good people...are good because they've come to wisdom through failure," meaning that a person willing to sacrifice for his beliefs is good because although he has failed, by not according to his moral codes he has gained integrity and the ability to refuse to live a life of hypocrisy; further, John Proctor is good because he died refusing to lie in order to live. Proctor failed because his commitments wavered depending upon his own personal needs. Miller demonstrated Proctor's failure, and later redemption and goodness throughout the text by means of characterization, conflict, and theme.Map of West Peabody, MA, indicating the 20th centu...Miller uses the literary element of characterization to show John Proctor's transformation from failure to goodness. There is a definite contradiction in Proctor; additionally, he says that he loves his wife; but, he adulters her as soon as she becomes ill. Also he does not attend church because he dislikes the way in which Reverend Samuel Parris governs the church, as well as the way he preaches. Proctor abhors how Parris uses donations for the church to buy superfluous things, " ...When I look to heaven and see my money glaring at his elbows- it hurt my prayer, sir, it hurt my prayer" (69).Williams 2Proctor's commitment wavers depending upon his own personal needs. Arthur Miller characterized him as one with weak theology and one who struggled with personal commitment,